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What are Spin Waves?
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In solid state physics, a
magnon is the term for an elementary excitation in which the direction of
magnetization in a ferromagnetic material, or that of a sublattice moment in an
antiferromagnetic material, is spatially nonuniform and propagates as a wave
(spin wave).
Reference: http://www.harcourt.com/dictionary/def/6/1/5/0/6150600.html
Just as a photon is a quantum of energy in the form of an electromagnetic wave
so also a magnon is a quantum of energy in the form of a spin wave. It is still
an electromagnetic interaction but in this case the spin waves are propagating
through the rotating electromagnetic fields of precessing spins.
In a sample of pure iron, it is the unpaired valence electrons shared between
atoms that are responsible for the material's magnetic properties. These
electrons have spin and an associated magnetic moment creating individual
magnetic dipoles through each electron's spin axis. Each electron's spin axis can
also precess like a gyroscope and spin waves propagate through these precessing
magnetic dipoles of the electrons as their individual magnetic fields interact
with each other. In other magnetic materials a combination of both axial and orbital
electron spin can create magnetism if the combination is not compensated for by
equal and opposite combined spins of other electrons. Spin waves can propagate
through the precession of these resulting uncompensated spins. Spin waves can
also propagate through uncompensated nuclear spins but the magnetic moments and
coupling between spins is weaker than with electron spins.
Compensated spins can also
precess under the influence of electromagnetic interaction with other particles
but due to the compensation, electromagnetic radiation to/from these compensated
spins at the frequency of precession is not detectable as a typical form of
electromagnetic radiation.
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